Mobile AP

On January 12, Samsung Electronics released a premium mobile AP (application processor) called Exynos 2100 that drastically improved performance, emphasizing that this technology will set a new standard for premium mobile devices. What is mobile AP and what does it do? Let’s learn through #Semiconductors 101, where you can have fun while learning about semiconductors. It’s impossible to imagine a smartphone without a mobile AP.

The mobile AP (application processor) is called the brain of a smartphone. Just like the human brain, which is connected to various bodily organs, thinks, and gives commands, each function of a smartphone is connected to the mobile AP. It’s easy to think about the central processing unit (CPU) of a desktop computer and mobile AP as the same thing. But the difference lies in the fact that the mobile AP has a CPU, graphics, camera, communications, and various other functions contained on a single chip. Why do various functions have to be in the mobile AP?

Why do we have to put various functions into the mobile AP, which is equal to the size of a fingernail? This is because of power consumption. During the desktop era, when resources were continuously supplied while using a computer, there was no reason to reduce power consumption. However, as we entered an era where we use the internet and run a variety of software through our mobile phones, low power consumption which allows you to use the computer for long periods without a power supply with great performance became very important. In other words, by integrating multiple functions onto a single chip, we were able to reduce power consumption, secure more space on the limited smartphone board, and achieve high-performance even on small devices. Samsung Electronics’ Exynos 2100 also integrated 5G modem chips on the mobile AP in order to provide a solution that is fit for a complex multitasking environment. As more functions are integrated onto the mobile AP, this improves the product’s competitive edge. In order to integrate various functions, chips that are based on more advanced process technology will be gathered and performance will improve. Looking inside the mobile AP through Exynos 2100

The actual structure of the mobile AP will differ slightly depending on the manufacturer, but they all have the core function of a smartphone. Let’s examine the key functions of a mobile AP based on Exynos 2100. First, there is the central processing unit (CPU) inside a mobile AP that performs the same role as the CPU in a desktop computer. Not only does it run the operating system and various programs, it also processes all the data at the center and performs the main functions of the smartphone. The 5G modem provides broad support of the 5G network, LTE, and other various communication environments. By putting modem features inside the processor, we can reduce the chip surface area and increase power efficiency compared to when modem chips were used. Next, the graphics processing unit (GPU, image signal processor (ISP)), display, and multimedia blocks perform roles related to images and videos. The GPU processes graphics data, such as 3D games, graphic user interface (UI), while the camera area turns light information received from the smartphone’s camera image sensor into photos or videos. The video block encodes or decodes videos to record, compress, or play videos, while the audio block processes the audio signals that are inputted or outputted. Lastly, the display block transmits and receives image and video signals from the mobile device’s screen or external screens, such as the TV or monitor, etc. The mobile AP is also equipped with a neural processing unit (NPU) and digital signal processor (DSP), which are optimized for artificial intelligence and deep learning. They are used for quick and efficient on-device AI. Facial, object, and voice recognition are all possible thanks to the NPU and DSP. In addition, there is also the security block that processes data related to personal information and security and the interface block that helps connect the processor and the functions of the storage device, sensor, display, connectivity (Wi-Fi), etc. inside the mobile AP. Let’s take a look at what all these functions do by using the camera app as an example. When you tap on the camera app on the screen, the CPU will run the app. The NPU will analyze the information that comes in through the image sensor to determine what type of object it is, and based on that information, the ISP (camera) will configure a high-quality image based on optimal settings for that object or environment. When AR features are used, the NPU will recognize the object or space and the GPU will add realistic 3D elements on the screen. The preview function that is used while taking a photo is related to the display block. The display block of the mobile AP continuously shows data as a panel. When you’re taking a video, it gets stored in the smartphone’s storage through the codec of the multimedia block. When you upload a photo or video to social media or do a live stream, the modem sends and receives data. Today, we learned about the mobile AP, the chip that can do everything. Samsung Electronics will create the greatest mobile environment for us through their flagship mobile AP Exynos 2100. We hope you’ll continue to take an interest in Samsung Electronics, who will continue to innovate the mobile AP market.